OSCAR Celebration of Student Scholarship and Impact
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Cells, Individuals, and Community College of Humanities and Social Science College of Science Honors College OSCAR Winners

Women’s Perception of Safety as Demonstrated in Tiktok Trend Man Vs Bear

Author(s): Devyn Wilson

Mentor(s): Collin Hawley, Honors College

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Abstract
Stemming from the 2024 TikTok trend asking women if they would rather be stuck in a forest with a man or bear, this study seeks to answer what the internal discourse of women is when choosing a man over a bear, in order to assess their values and perceptions of safety. Early research on this subject focused on crime statistics and victimization rates. As feminist theory developed, researchers began to explore broader contexts, including public spaces, urban design, and societal norms that influence women’s feelings of safety. This transition showcased that women’s safety perceptions are often shaped by societal norms, cultural narratives, and lived experiences. However, this proposed research question explores how women assess and investigate the intersection of physical, emotional, and social aspects of safety. To explore the decision-making process of women, mixed methods including, Critical Technocultural Discourse analysis of social media posts (Brock, 2016), bear attack statistics, crime analysis, and survey analysis of women in the DMV area will be used. Critical Technocultural discourse analysis used to analyze social media discourse to find what women are saying regarding their perceived safety in either scenario, a man or a bear appearing. Bear attack analysis and crime analysis can compare the relative risk of damage if a bear or man appears. Surveys of women in the DMV area allow for a conversational component in which women will be able to express safety in their setting. The findings contribute to broader conversations around safety, risk assessment, trust, and gender in contemporary society.
Audio Transcript
Imagine walking on a trail much like this one. While walking you hear leaves rustling, would you whether the rustling be due to a man or a bear. This question was presented to TikTok users in 2024. What was supposed to be a quick, simple, easy-to-flow trend turned into discussions about women’s safety and how they perceived the world around them. It has been a little over a year since this question first appeared, allowing many people to answer it. But what does this question demonstrate about women’s perceptions of safety? What does this question demonstrate about the perceptions of safety of women. What kind of improvement and conclusions can we draw from this trend to make women feel safer. Furthermore, the project wanted to explore the intersections of social media and outlook on safety.

Academic conversations have yet to cover these discussions. Early research on women’s perception of safety focused on crime statistics and victimization rights. As feminist theory developed, researchers began to explore broader contexts, including public spaces, urban design, and societal norms that influence women’s feelings of safety. Furthermore, safety is grouped into other discussions including MeToo, Not all men, LGBTQ+, and family disputes, among others. While these papers provide context to safety, they fail to capture the true fears and realities of women, in their everyday life. The shift from victimization rates to broader contexts marked the understanding that women’s safety perceptions are shaped by societal norms, cultural narratives, and lived experiences. Despite this shift, academic papers have yet to capture the nuanced discourse of women in everyday life. This disconnect raises important questions about whose experiences are prioritized in academic discourse — and why moments like the “man or bear” debate remain outside scholarly engagement. This project seeks to highlight the internal dialogue of women set upon by this trend Man Vs Bear, exploring how women assess and investigate the intersection of physical, emotional, and social aspects of safety.

This semester primarily focused on IRB approval and gathering survey responses.

Before examining the responses, it’s important to note the inclusion criteria. Respondents had to be women or nonbinary, between 18 and 25 years old, and currently attending a university or college in the DMV area. A total of 70 participants met this criteria.

When asked whether they would rather be in a forest with a man or a bear, responses were as shown in the graph:

Most participants felt confident in their choice. Those who were uncertain said they wanted more context—such as the type of bear, the exact setting, or the man’s behavior—because these factors would meaningfully shape their decision.

Since the purpose of the study was to understand why participants made this choice, the explanations are central to the findings. Common themes included:

Fear of men: This appeared on both sides. Many respondents felt they could more easily predict a bear’s behavior compared to a man’s intentions. Participants mentioned strategies for avoiding bear attacks or managing the situation, while expressing concern about men having hidden motives or personal gains. Several respondents noted that some potential outcomes with men—such as assault, or not being believed afterward—felt “worse than death.”

Some pointed out that they see men every day and have survived those encounters, implying that men may not be as dangerous as perceived. Others emphasized that bear attacks are statistically less common than violent crimes committed by men.

Later questions provided broader context for these choices: 93% of respondents felt that women are conditioned to be more alert or afraid in public spaces than men. No one said “no.” 80% reported they have pretended to talk on the phone, changed direction, or taken defensive actions when encountering an unknown man in a quiet area. These behaviors highlight the role of social conditioning and hypervigilance in shaping perceived safety.

Across responses, control emerged as a major influence. Participants expressed more fear of threats whose motives could be hidden—such as a man who appears helpful but becomes dangerous.

Many respondents also said they would trust their instincts over statistics, suggesting that cultural narratives and personal experience strongly shape safety judgments. For some, choosing the bear aligns with worst-case-scenario thinking, especially for those who stated that certain outcomes with men would be worse than death.

Respondents tended to classify their fear of bears as primarily rational—based on a known, identifiable physical threat.

Fear of men, however, was described as both rational and emotional, rooted not only in real statistics but also in lived experience, cultural conditioning, and emotional memory.

indicating that fear is shaped by:

lived experience,

repeated warnings,

cultural narratives, and

observed stories of harm.

The data shows that young women and nonbinary students interpret safety through a blend of emotion, lived experience, social conditioning, and perceived controllability. The surprising preference for being with a bear over a man is not about the bear itself—it is a reflection of deep concerns about male unpredictability, cultural warnings, and threats to autonomy.

The bear becomes a stand-in for a danger they feel they can understand, while men represent dangers they feel they cannot read or control.

Looking into the coming months, Critical Technocultural Discourse analysis, bear attack statistics, and crime analysis will be put into conversation with the survey results. Together, they will uncover more about perceptions of safety and where gaps can be filled through societal shifts. Ultimately, my work contributes to a broader conversation: how gender, safety, and culture shape the way we move through the world.
The “man or bear” question may sound simple — even silly — but it reminds us that women’s fears are not irrational. They are reflections of real, lived experiences in a world that too often asks them to be cautious — even in the forest.

Categories
College of Science OSCAR US, Global, and Beyond

What Makes Dark Matter Halos Dark

Author(s): Omar Aljebrin

Mentor(s): Ferah Munshi, Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract
We investigate the factors that determine whether dark matter halos form galaxies using the Marvel-ous Dwarfs and DC Justice League zoom-in simulations. By analyzing halo occupation fractions, mass accretion histories, halo concentrations, and gas properties, we find that halo mass alone is insufficient to explain why some halos remain dark. Luminous halos grow faster, achieve higher concentrations, and retain dense, cool gas, enabling star formation. Dark halos grow more slowly, remain less concentrated, and have lower gas densities and higher gas temperatures, preventing efficient cooling after reionization and leaving them dark. These results highlight the interplay between dark matter dynamics and baryonic physics in shaping galaxy formation, demonstrating that mass growth, halo concentration, and gas content collectively determine whether a halo hosts a galaxy.​
Audio Transcript
17:37:02 Hello, everyone. Today, I’ll be talking to you about what makes some dark matter halos dark.
17:37:07 So, first of all, what is dark matter? Dark matter is like any other matter, but…
17:37:13 It’s invisible, it cannot interact with normal matter that we see and touch,
17:37:18 Like, it can’t bump into it, or you can’t feel it.
17:37:23 Um,
17:37:25 And it only interacts through gravity.
17:37:28 So, it can only pull things
17:37:30 using gravity.
17:37:32 And…
17:37:34 Dark Matter Halos is just a clump of dark matter that has collected together.
17:37:40 And from now on, I’ll just call it Halos.
17:37:46 And these halos is…
17:37:48 is the environment where galaxies are made.
17:37:52 But… sometimes galaxies aren’t made.
17:37:56 In those halos, and those are called dark halos. Dark Halos. And for the ones…
17:38:02 that galaxies do form in, those are called luminous halos.
17:38:06 So, the goal of my research is to figure out
17:38:09 what leads to these halos?
17:38:12 not forming any galaxies? What properties, what events?
17:38:17 created? Like, why…
17:38:19 Do these halos have galaxies, and these don’t?
17:38:23 And…
17:38:25 my method to look at… to do that is using, um…
17:38:30 large cosmological simulations.
17:38:34 simulations, uh, that are called
17:38:36 marvelous dwarfs and DCGL.
17:38:39 DCJL standing for DC Justice League.
17:38:46 These were made by…
17:38:49 Dr. Munshi and her colleagues.
17:38:52 Um…
17:38:54 using the simulation, it provided various datas about dark matter halos, their properties,
17:39:01 And I was able to utilize this data to track certain, um,
17:39:07 patterns of dark matter halos.
17:39:10 So, for my first plot,
17:39:12 I’ve calculated the halo occupation fraction versus the maximum
17:39:19 mass, a halo has ever had.
17:39:21 So the Halo occupation fraction is basically saying, okay, for this amount of halos,
17:39:26 Um, how many of them are luminous divided by the total
17:39:30 amount of, um, halos.
17:39:33 And from what you see is…
17:39:34 From the right end… from the right end, from the large end of the mass.
17:39:41 It’s 100%, one, at the top, and then…
17:39:46 Uh, some of… they… they begin to decrease.
17:39:50 And the decrease is gradual, but…
17:39:52 you’ll see that all these simulations have different…
17:39:56 point of mass where that halo occupation decreases.
17:40:00 Which tells us that because their masses
17:40:04 vary for that critical point. That means that halo mass, or halo peak mass, isn’t enough to tell us.
17:40:10 About why some dark… some…
17:40:13 halos don’t form galaxies.
17:40:17 So then, uh, I look at the mass assembly history of the halos, how fast they gain mass.
17:40:24 And what I find that luminous halos
17:40:27 were… or the one that made Galaxies gain mass really fast. Faster than dark halos.
17:40:33 And, of course, the Dark Hills.
17:40:35 didn’t gain mass as fast.
17:40:37 Which could explain why
17:40:40 Dark Halos are… don’t make any galaxies, because they couldn’t accumulate…
Categories
Cells, Individuals, and Community College of Science

Ivermectin as a potential therapeutic for Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

Author(s): Diya Chordia

Mentor(s): Geraldine Grant, Biology

Abstract

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease characterized by fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. The TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway is a central driver of this process, yet current antifibrotic therapies only slow disease progression and remain costly. Recent studies suggest that ivermectin, a widely available antiparasitic drug, may inhibit SMAD3 phosphorylation in non-pulmonary fibroblasts, raising the question of whether it could attenuate fibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts. This study investigates whether ivermectin suppresses fibroblast activation in IPF by reducing α-SMA expression, inhibiting SMAD3 phosphorylation, and limiting fibroblast migration. Human lung fibroblasts will be treated with increasing concentrations of ivermectin (0.1–3.0 µM) for 48 hours in the presence of TGF-β1. α-SMA gene expression will be quantified by RT-qPCR, and α-SMA, SMAD3, and pSMAD3 protein levels will be examined by Western blot. Functional effects will be assessed using a scratch wound-healing assay performed in 6-well plates, and actin organization will be visualized with phalloidin staining. Data will be quantified using ImageJ and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. We expect ivermectin to decrease α-SMA expression, reduce SMAD3 phosphorylation, and slow fibroblast migration in a dose-dependent manner. These findings would support the potential repurposing of ivermectin as a low-cost antifibrotic therapy and provide new insight into modulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway in pulmonary fibrosis.

Audio Transcript

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00:00:08.360 –> 00:00:32.910
Diya Chordia: Hello, everyone, and thank you for taking the time to come visit my poster. My project focuses on exploring the potential antifibrotic effects of ivermectin and antiparasitic in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF. IPF is a progressive and ultimately fatal lung disease characterized by fibroblast activation and

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00:00:32.910 –> 00:00:36.299
Diya Chordia: Excessive extracellular matrix deposition.

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00:00:37.020 –> 00:00:52.000
Diya Chordia: Although current medications can slow the disease, they cannot reverse fibrosis, and lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. Because of this, there is a real need for new, accessible therapeutic options.

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00:00:52.000 –> 00:01:16.800
Diya Chordia: A key driver of fibrosis in IPF is the TGF-beta and SMART3 signaling pathway. When activated, this pathway increases the expression of markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin, and promotes structural and functional changes that make fibroblasts more contractile and migratory.

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00:01:17.910 –> 00:01:31.869
Diya Chordia: Recent work, including a 2021 paper by Zia et al, suggests that ivermectin can reduce SMART3, activation and decrease

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00:01:31.980 –> 00:01:47.010
Diya Chordia: alpha-sma expression in fibroblasts from other tissues. However, its effects on lung fibrosis have not yet been studied. This gap in literature motivated this central research question of my project.

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00:01:47.060 –> 00:01:53.750
Diya Chordia: Our hypothesis is that ivermectin will attenuate fibroblast activation in IPF,

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00:01:53.750 –> 00:02:09.350
Diya Chordia: by suppressing the SMART3 signaling pathway. Specifically, we predict that ivermectin will decrease alpha-smar expression, reduce SMAR3 phosphorylation or activation, and limit fibroblast migration.

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00:02:11.840 –> 00:02:29.490
Diya Chordia: To test our hypothesis, human lung fibroblasts will be treated with increasing concentrations of ivermectin, from 0.1 to 3 micromolar for 48 hours in the presence of, FPS,

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00:02:29.530 –> 00:02:48.139
Diya Chordia: to induce activation. Following treatment, SMAR… the alpha-sma gene expression will be measured using RT-QPCR with RNA isolated using the Quergen RNA-Z kit for reliable, high-purity extraction.

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00:02:48.180 –> 00:03:06.720
Diya Chordia: Protein expression will be assessed by a Western blot, probing specifically for Alpha SMAR, total SMART3, and phosphorylated SMART3, which is just activated SMART3, using high-specificity antibodies.

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00:03:07.660 –> 00:03:20.219
Diya Chordia: To evaluate functional changes, a scratch wound healing assay will be performed in 6 well plates to determine the effect of ivermectin on fibroblast migration.

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00:03:20.630 –> 00:03:29.809
Diya Chordia: Falden staining will be used to visualize alternatives in actin organization and stress fiber formation.

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00:03:30.130 –> 00:03:34.659
Diya Chordia: All image-based analysis will be quantified using image J.

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00:03:34.940 –> 00:03:45.750
Diya Chordia: And data will be statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA with a significant threshold of, P is less than 0.05.

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Diya Chordia: Although the full results are still being generated, the expected outcomes are that ivermectin will reduce alpha-smar levels.

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00:03:55.880 –> 00:04:14.110
Diya Chordia: suppress SMAR3-phosphorylation and slow fibroblast migration in a dose-dependent manner. If these predictions hold true, it would indicate that ivermectin can directly interrupt prohibprotic signal signaling and fibroblast activation.

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Diya Chordia: The broader significance of this work relies in its potential impact on global health.

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Diya Chordia: IPF affects patients worldwide, but access to current drugs is limited by high cost. Because of this, ivermectin is inexpensive, well-studied, and already widely distributed, and identifying antifibrotic activity could make treatment more accessible, especially in low- and middle-income settings.

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Diya Chordia: This study also contributes new insights into how the SMART3 signaling can be modulated in pulmonary fibrosis, providing a foundation for future therapeutic development.

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Diya Chordia: Thank you for listening!