Category: Summer Team Impact Project

Mason Summer Team Impact Project-Bas Rawat & Jo Hoye

Author(s): Bas Rawat, Jo Hoye

Mentor(s): Denise Hines, Department of Social Work

Domestic violence (DV) affects individuals within intimate relationships, including verbal, physical, and sexual abuse. The transgender community is particularly vulnerable to DV, facing disproportionately high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, research on tailored support services for this community is scarce. This study aims to identify barriers hindering transgender individuals from accessing crucial support systems, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of their unique needs and fostering the development of inclusive and effective services.

Slide 1 (Bas Rawat): Hello everyone! My name is Bas Rawat, I use they/he pronouns, and I worked with Jo Hoye (who uses they/them pronouns) on our Summer Team Impact Project. Our project focused on the narriers the transgender community faces when trying to access Domestic Violence and Sexual Violence services within Fairfax County.

Slide 2 (Jo Hoye): So our research question for this project was, “what is known about how–if at all–experiences with transphobia and homophobia may impact transgender individuals’ decisions about identity disclosure or willingness to access domestic violence or sexual violence services. And we also wanted to identify any additional barriers. So essentially what this is, is we are trying to identify barriers that transgender individuals might face when they are trying to get help from domestic and sexual violence services. Now there are a lot of barriers faced by individuals who are in a minority, because domestic violence services are primarily accessed and geared towards middle-class white women. So what we are doing in this study is we are examining individuals who are outside of the norm, so to speak. Outside of the typically”¦ of the group typically associated with domestic and sexual violence, and we are examining on why they don’t report domestic and sexual violence as much.

Slide 3 (Bas Rawat): The objectives of this study is to critically evaluate the barriers that deter transgender individuals from accessing crucial support systems for addressing DV and SV. “‹By doing so, we can contribute to the knowledge base and stimulate further research on the development of inclusive and effective services, especially for magrinialisexd communities like the trasngedner community.

Slide 4 (Jo Hoye): All questionable articles were ultimately screened out. The search process was conducted on Academic Search Complete and Google Scholar. A social-ecological model will be used to determine how transphobia affects transgender individuals through the research that we conducted.

Slide 5 (Bas Rawat): Intially, Jo and I had many search terms that we wanted to use when searching for articles and journals. This included (but were not limited to) these LGBTQ+ specific terms: Transexual, agender, intersex, and many more that fall under the umbrella of the transgender community. There were also non-LGBTQ+ terms that we wanted to include in our initial search terms such as, sexual violence, doemstic violence, intimate partner violence, services, disrcimination and more. Howevever, we narrowed our search terms down to transgender, intimate partner violence, LGBT, and domestic violence”‹. We narrowed down our terms because when using the more LGBTQ-specific terms, there were no research studies that correleated to our research questions.

Slide 6 (Jo Hoye): Themes that we discovered within our results included transphobia, abuse, lack of resources, legal and medical barriers, fear, and intersectionality. Of these themes, transphobia, lack of resources, legal and medical barriers, fear, and intersectionality all factored into the barriers that transgender people face when seeking help from domestic violence services. Fear, for example, represents the fear that transgender people face when thinking about reaching out to domestic violence services, including fear of being discriminated against, fear of not being believed, and fear of how they might be perceived by their community afterwards. Intersectionality represents the intersection between barriers for transgender minorities and barriers for other minorities. For example, there are different barriers for people of color, but a person who is both a person of color and transgender would face the barriers of a transgender person and a person of color, making it that much harder to access services. Legal and medical barriers represent the discrimination within the legal and medical systems which makes it harder for transgender people to access services. Transphobia represents the general transphobia of the world, both systematic and personal, that prevents transgender people from accessing domestic violence services. And lack of resources represents the lack of resources that we have in most of our systems to accommodate transgender people who often don’t match their legal or biological sex in the way that they present, but still deserve to be treated as the gender they present as and be referred to as.

Slide 7 (Bas Rawat): To address the increase in Domestic Violence faced by transgender individuals, it is crucial to implement actionable solutions. One effective approach is to mandate trainings for staff members within social services, enabling them to develop the necessary cultural competence and sensitivity to interact with transgender individuals effectively. By equipping these professionals with the knowledge and tools to provide appropriate support, we can foster an environment that is safer and more supportive for the trans community.

It is essential that researchers, policymakers, and practitioners collaborate to bridge the existing knowledge gap and work towards more inclusive and informed strategies to combat Domestic Violence and sexual violence affecting transgender individuals. Only through such concerted efforts can we create a society where all individuals, regardless of their gender identity, feel secure, respected, and protected from violence and discrimination. However, there needs to be more research done on this topic in order to verify what barriers the transgender community faces when trying to access Domestic Violence and Sexual Violence services.

Summer Team Impact Project

Life at the Watering Hole””A One Health Approach to Disease Surveillance in Laikipia County, Kenya

Author(s): Risper Mwingirwa, Marcara Wright

Mentor(s): Michael Von Fricken, College of Public Health

Our Summer Team Impact Project (STIP) took us on a transformative three-week journey to Kenya, where we focused on crucial public health challenges through the lens of One Health. Our project, “Life at the Watering Hole – A One Health Approach to Disease Surveillance in Laikipia County, Kenya,” explored the intricate interplay between wildlife, domestic animals, and human health in the region.

At the core of our project was tick collection using innovative CO2 traps, a vital aspect of disease surveillance. Employing two distinct trapping methods, we used dry ice as a surrogate for CO2 and host-like attraction to draw ticks toward our traps, gaining insights into disease transmission dynamics. Tick collection occurred at two different locations, Bomas, where animals were sprayed with insecticides and animal resting sites.

Amidst our scientific pursuits, our time in Kenya provided a profound cultural immersion, enhancing our appreciation for the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the crucial role of human-animal-environment interactions in safeguarding public health.

Hello, my name is Risper Mwingirwa. I’m a student at George Mason University. I study computer science and I’m a rising sophomore.

Hi everyone, my name is Marcara Wright, a senior at George Mason University from Richmond, Virginia, majoring in community and global health.

This summer I had a chance to participate in a summer team impact project in Laikipia County, Kenya, where we were focusing on life at the water and our one health approach to disease surveillance in Kenya. During the three weeks that we were there, we were able to immerse ourselves into deep research and also into the Kenya project.

Our project for the three weeks that we were in Laikipia County, Kenya focused on using carbon dioxide as a means to trap ticks. This was done by different types of methods that we tested out. The main two methods that we used were the tick-dragging method as well as the pitfall method. And we did these at two different locations, one being the Bomas, which is a livestock enclosure, and then the second location, just being animal resting sites around Laikipia County, Kenya. Our research question is, how does dry ice attract ticks based on location? We started off this project by first doing our research. We wanted to know exactly what hard ticks were, soft ticks were, CO2 tick dragging, tick dragging overall, pitfall methods, and any other methods that will be useful for us to know during this whole process. From there, we then decided to build our protocol. There are many different aspects and factors that we needed to think about before we were able to go out and start collecting. The first thing was the collection form. Were we going to use pen and paper or were we going to use some kind of app to help us with our collection? We decided to use an app called the Kobo Collect. And it has the different GPS coordinates, the temperature, has you take pictures, all things like that to make sure you have all documentation needed for your end report. And then we had to determine our materials. Do we need a CO2 monitor, a scale, how many gloves do we need, tweezers, icebox, all things like that was very important before we were able to go out and start our collection. The next step was going to be our procedures. So our first procedure is going to be the CO2 tick trapping traditional method, which focuses on us doing a tick drag and then placing a white fabric down with a box that has dry ice inside of it, finding five rocks, placing four around the corners and one on top of the box to ensure that the dry ice does not leave out too quickly or it is not tampered with by animals or by the weather. Our second procedure, which is going to be our pitfall trap method, consists of us having to dig a hole. And then after that, we will then use the muesli container that we discussed in our materials. And then it will be a cup inside of that muesli container with dry ice. From there, we will then cover the hole so that the ridges are even to the ground. And then we will then put a rock on top of the pitfall trap, covering it just enough so that we know where it is and so they will not get tampered with but as well so that ticks are still able to get in. We now have our two locations. The first location being the Bomas and at this location animals there were being sprayed with insecticides once per week. Our next location is going to be animal resting sites where animals are not being sprayed at all. Since we know our two locations we’re now able to move into our results. There were more ticks collected at the animal resting sites than the bomas because unlike the bombers where the animals are getting sprayed with insecticides every week, the animals at the resting sites were not being sprayed at all. After the ticks were collected, we took them to the lab where we’d classify them under a microscope based on their distinctive features such as patterns on their shells, gender, scutum, feestons, and their mouthparts. I got to learn a lot of new things during the three weeks that I spent at the Mpala Research Center. Since I’m a computer science major, this project gave me a chance to explore a totally different field from what I’m used to. I learned new information on ticks and tick collection methods. Also, since I’m considering public health as my minor during the fall, this was a really enlightening experience for me.

I am beyond grateful to have had this opportunity and to embark and immerse in Kenyan culture. And I am very stoked to say that this experience has helped me learn more about what I would like to do in my future after undergraduate. And I would just like to thank all of the graduate assistants, Graham, Nora, Abby, as well as Dr. Michael Von Fricken. Thank you so much and I appreciate the opportunity.

Karissa Raucheisen – Summer Team Impact project: Celebration Video

Author(s): Karissa Raucheisen

Mentor(s): Denise Hines, College of Public Health

Summer Team Impact Project: Reducing Inequalities in Fairfax County’s Domestic and Sexual Violence Services. Identify populations that are underserved according to their data. Populations were teenagers, refugees, transgender people, and people with disabilities. During the summer we worked on a scoping review and interviews with community leaders. A scoping review was conducted of relevant literature. For the interviews, I reached out to leaders in the teenage community to be interviewed. Then compare the data from the scoping review to the interview data.

hi everyone my name is Karissa Raucheisen and I’m here to talk to you about the summer team impact project that I worked on this summer here at George Mason University so the summer team impact project I got to work on was the reducing inequalities in the Fairfax County’s Domestic and Sexual Violence services to at-risk communities and so one of the first things we did was look at the populations that were underserved according to their data set some of these populations included teens transgender people and people with disabilities and so my group that I chose to do was teenagers and so there were two main things that we did with our data set the entire summer the first is a scoping review and the second is interviewed with people who were identified as Community leaders I am first going to talk about the scoping review that I did so if you don’t know what a scoping review is it’s essentially a review of all relevant literature through different databases or platforms and so I did the scoping review and got some data from that and so I wanted to talk a little bit about the process of the scoping review so when I started the scoping review I plugged in the search terms to the database and I also plugged in exclusion terms to narrow down my search results after I got the search results I screened them in or out through a title and Abstract reading and after that I was left with about like 17 or something articles and so of those articles I either screened them in or out through a full text reading meaning by I read the entire thing and after that I was left with a total of five articles and so after that I coded and did themes from that and that took a very long time but I thoroughly enjoyed it and so I got seven identified themes from that which I can’t talk about yet but I would happily talk about once I’m allowed to talk about and so after the scoping review we did interviews with Community leaders so that was my favorite part about working on the summer team impact project I got to email people about this project and if they would be interested in participating in the interview so I did teens again and so I just emailed people who are leaders within the teenage Community to ask them to interview and then after that we would gather data from that because we would record it and then we would transcribe the data and then code the data from that and so right now it’s just really comparing the data from the interviews to what we have in the scoping review right now so that’s pretty much all I have for you I just wanted to say uh thank you to everyone who helped me throughout this project which is uh Professor Booth Dr Hines and Dr Hand so thank you for allowing me to join you guys on this project I thoroughly enjoyed it thank you!

Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution OSCAR Summer Team Impact Project

STIP Fellow Michelle Kim – Social Advocacy in Breaking the Silence of Systemic Racism

Author(s): Amber Green, Sewon Michelle Kim, Logan Varker

Mentor(s): Charles Chavis, African and African American Studies

Through the Summer Team Impact Project at George Mason University, I collaborated with the John Mitchell, Jr. Program and Dr. Charles L. Chavis to assist in their work on history and transformational, community-led narrative change. As an aspiring social worker, I was able to see firsthand what cultural competence means through the teachings of Dr. Chavis on the history of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Building upon that, I was given the opportunity to work with a local nonprofit organization focused on the youth homelessness issue in the city of Salisbury. This offered me an indelible experience to see the strong bond between history and social work, especially in a community fragmented by generations of disenfranchisement and displacement. Through my work with JMJP, I have been given the tools and courage to become a social advocate for not only Fenix Youth Project and Salisbury but of my immediate community as well.

Hello, my name is Michelle Kim and I am a junior at Mason, pursuing a bachelor’s in social work. I was honored to be selected as a Summer Team Impact Project fellow to collaborate with the John Mitchell, Jr. Program for History, Justice, and Race of the Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution. As stated on their website, the program “contributes to and promotes a more informed public, political, and academic dialogue on the intersections between historical memory, justice, and racial reconciliation.”
Through the leadership of the director of JMJP Dr. Chavis and his book “The Silent Shore: The Lynching of Matthew Williams and the Politics of Racism in the Free State,” I began to understand concepts such as systemic racism, disenfranchisement, displacement, and historical trauma theory.
The history of the Eastern Shore of Maryland is riddled with racial terror that continues to affect the Black community through generations. The racial disparities that are seen today in the city of Salisbury and the surrounding areas of the Lower Shore can only be understood by revisiting the history, of which has been exposed through the works such as Dr. Chavis.’
“The Silent Shore” provoked the activist in me, as I was confounded by just how systematic racism is in this country, to the point that it has become elusive, to the effect that most people do not raise a question to how things are the way they are now. This all ties to the track that I have taken in this fellowship, which is advocacy and coalition building.
By building upon the history I had learned through Dr. Chavis’ book and thus the knowledge of the dismantlement of a once-affluent Black community called Georgetown that is now present-day Salisbury, I had a useful lens in which I could view the work I did with Fenix Youth Project, a local nonprofit organization.
Fenix Youth Project is founded by local activist Amber Green, whose mission is to uplift the youth of the area by giving them a voice and providing them the resources to thrive and enrich their lives to become active members of their community.
The ever-persisting problem of youth homelessness is what Green has been trying to help solve for the past ten years through her organization. I assisted Fenix Youth Project by searching for and writing grants and finding ways to build upon their fundraising efforts. Grants, both local and federal, are crucial in supplying funds to run the organization, from being able to diversify their programs for the youth, running their drop-in center and youth shelter, and also to pay their staff. I also collected and configured data that painted a more precise picture of the pressing issue of homelessness in the youth, and predominantly Black, community in Salisbury.
Through this infographic I have created, it is clear that the youth homelessness issue is disproportionately affecting the Black community in Wicomico County, where Salisbury is located. Looking through the casework of the clients at Fenix, I was able to draw out stories of the youth in the area and viscerally feel the struggle in their lack of access to resources.
I understand now that the systemic inequity that exists today, such as the problem Amber Green and Fenix Youth Project is trying to solve, stems from a longwinded history of destruction and displacement, one that has continued to grow and stifle the Black community through a system of silence. Although at times I was frustrated to learn the history and see its impact on today’s society, I was more so encouraged and inspired by the connection I saw Green have with the youth in Salisbury. I could see that through her voice, she gave the youth their own voice too.
Through my Summer Team Impact Project fellowship with JMJP, I have learned the importance of history as a future social worker and what it means to be culturally competent, and also how vital it is to keep the spirit of social activism. With this spirit, we can one day dismantle not only the system of silence but the deep-seated relationship that America has with racism.

To learn more about Dr. Chavis’ work in Salisbury, Maryland, you can visit www.hiddeninfullview.com to register to see the documentary based on his book The Silent Shore.

Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution Honors College OSCAR Summer Team Impact Project

Salisbury’s Beth Israel Congregation

Author(s): Jabez Nelson

Mentor(s): Charles Chavis, African American Studies, Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution

The Beth Israel Congregation Within Salisbury was once a thriving Jewish Community along the Eastern Shore. Within this brief presentation, learn more about this community’s founders, as well as the previous areas of which were considered to be just as rich in Jewish culture. Furthermore, discover why the Salisbury Beth Israel Congregation is no longer as lively as it was once before, though it still thrives to this day.

Hello, my name is Jabez Nelson, and today I’ll be presenting to you information relating to Salisbury’s Beth Israel Congregation. So, a little bit about me. I’m a third-year undergraduate student. I’m currently studying psychology with a concentration in industrial organizational psychology. Most of this research, or all of the research that I’m actually presenting to you today was done under the John Mitchell Junior Program. So before getting into the Beth Israel Congregation in Salisbury, we have to understand what the Jewish hub was before Salisbury. So, that was actually going to be Pocomoke, Virginia, as it was the biggest area where Jewish people are actually going to along the Eastern Shore in the late 1880s. So, many of the Jewish families have initially moved to Pocomoke, including the Finkelsteins, Klaffs, Fines, Glasses, Millers, Rodbells, and Heiligs There are other Jewish families that were also starting to take residence within different cities along the Eastern Shore, such as in Pennsylvania and Maryland. By the early 1900s Sam Feldman was actually one of these people, so he moved from Pottsville, PA, to Salisbury in 1904. He’d actually owned a furniture shop so he was taking it to Salisbury, actually setting it up to like live there permanently. As well as Israel Leon, AKA, “I.L.” Benjamin, who arrived in 1915 from Exmore Virginia. He was also a store runner, but his store was clothes, so he’s here running a clothing store. So these two men, both Jewish, they decided to found the Beth Israel Congregation in 1925, though it wasn’t actually known as the Beth Israel Congregation at the time, it was only known as the “Kehelas Israel”? Which meant the “Community of Israel” in Hebrew. The first President of the foundation was also I.L Benjamin, but I believe that Sam Feldman was also on the board, so he was also there, like helping consistently throughout all of the time I.L. was also present. Moving along to 1939, the congregation meetings were usually held within the second story of a store between Main Street and Camden Street. This was kind of a step up from what they were doing before because they had been going from house to house originally, as they didn’t actually have an official meeting place or building. But this all changed in 1951, when the first, official synagogue building was actually built. As this was happening, membership at the time was also going up exponentially as well as the Jewish population in Salisbury. I believe there were 75 Jewish families in the congregation around this time, which is way more than there are currently, unfortunately, as the modern day Beth Israel is a relatively small congregation. Since many of the families ended up migrating away to various metropolitan areas such as Baltimore, DC and Ocean City, this is the modern day building. By the way. On the last slide we saw that was the building that was first built in 1951, I believe. But the moving away from the Salisbury community primarily happened due to the conflicting viewpoints amongst older and younger members within the church back in the. Late 1980s, as I learned from the person I did an oral history interview with, Andrew Karten as well as the passing away of many of the original members. Yeah, it was very sad, but”¦ Throughout this entire process, I actually did a lot of searching through digital databases such as Ancestry and Newspapers trying to find out like more about each of the digital members of in the community that I was assigned. That also included me clipping different materials and transferring materials in the base camp. I also read through a lot of Jewish history literature. And of course, I had to contact the actual organization Beth Israel Synagogue. And I actually had scheduled the oral history interviews and the once those were done I just transcribed those oral history interviews. But yeah, that was basically all of my research so far, and I’m still doing more trying to like wrap everything up, but I’m looking forward to seeing what you guys have also done so, thank you.

OSCAR Summer Team Impact Project

Summer Team Impact Project

Author(s): Madison Shaw, Isabelle Tomita

Mentor(s): Hand, Social Work

The objective for the scoping review and interviews was to understand risk factors for adults with disabilities facing IPV and sexual violence and any barriers they may face, along with any known solutions for addressing these barriers. Two databases were used to search for peer-reviewed articles based on primary data or articles that promoted theory. A thematic analysis was completed to find key themes within the articles. Nine articles were reviewed for the scoping review, resulting in five themes of: (a) vulnerability to victimization, (b) stereotypical perceptions of disabilities, (c) equal treatment and barriers, (d) abuse by perpetrators, and (e) individuality, intersectionality, and multifaceted experiences. The findings indicated a further need for research into the disability community and their experiences with IPV and sexual violence, especially with men, along with establishing better practice by professionals to cater to the unique needs of people with disabilities.

Slide 1: Hi everybody, my name is Madison and my research partner for this project is Ella, and this summer we were part of the Summer Team Impact Project that was researching barriers that certain communities face in Fairfax County when accessing domestic and sexual violence services. The specific community that we chose to focus on was the disability community.
Slide 2: The objective of our research this summer was to better understand why, in the context of sexual and domestic violence, adults with disabilities are targeted more than adults without disabilities, and to employ the use of an integrative social ecological trauma-informed and intersectional framework to better understand the ways they may relate to barriers to prevention, and potential solutions for addressing any identified barriers.
Slide 3: Research has demonstrated an urgent need to understand why adults disabilities experience sexual and domestic violence at a disproportionate rate compared to adults without disabilities, and effective prevention and intervention methods. Nevertheless, to address such demonstrated need, our research focuses on three questions. Number one: what is known about intersecting factors relating to risks for sexual and domestic violence among adults with disabilities? Number two: What may prevent adults with disabilities from seeking sexual and domestic violence services? And, finally, number three: in addition, what is known about solutions for addressing any such identified barriers?
Slide 4: The search criteria for our scoping review included both peer-reviewed and academic articles, gray sources for prevalent data which was mainly on the statistics of people with disabilities and the rates of IPV and sexual violence, along with articles that advance theory about certain risk factors the population faces. Then, our excluded criteria included articles talking about children, articles that were not based on primary research unless they were the gray sources or the articles promoting theory, any articles that talked about other crimes committed against people with disabilities, and any articles that were outdated or talked about disabilities in a harmful way which were mostly seen in some articles from the 80s. We used two databases for our search that are listed on the slide, and the search terms are included in the table. Then, we also used 50 exclusion terms in our search to limit the amount of articles coming up, and most of those words included other countries or words relating to medicine or drug abuse. Then, from this were able to include nine articles in the results section of our manuscript along with multiple others that weren’t peer-reviewed that we used in the introduction, background, and discussion sections.
Slide 5: For the coding process, we used thematic analysis to come up with codes that were taken from either the results, discussion, or conclusion parts of our screened in articles. We came up with 131 codes that were broken down into 15 second cycle codes, and from those 15 codes we created five themes that summarize the main ideas of the articles that are listed on the slide. The first one of vulnerability to victimization was mentioned in every article about how people with disabilities are targeted more for IPV and sexual violence. There’s general risk factors that contribute to this such as isolation, lower socioeconomic status, and being financially dependent. But there’s also more specific ones to the disability community such as having more difficulty leaving a relationship and being viewed as more susceptible by perpetrators. For the second one of stereotypical perceptions, many people view people with disabilities as fully reliant on others or believe the myth that they are seen as undesirable and won’t be a victim of sexual violence. There’s also the issue of people’s behavior that shows ableism with many not realizing that their views or behaviors may be seen as degrading. Another theme identified through the thematic analysis was equal treatment and barriers which focuses on barriers preventing adults with disabilities from accessing adequate and proper care and services. It included general barriers to equal care and services such as one’s economic and employment status as well as things more specific to the disability community such as language and communication barriers, difficulty talking about a perpetrator on who the victim is dependent, and social desirability bias. A fourth prevalent theme that came up during coding was the types of abuse by the perpetrator which focuses on the individual’s relationship with the perpetrator and intimate partner, personal care assistant, non familial person, acquaintance, or friend and the type of abuse experience such as severe abuse, covert abuse, emotional abuse, and physical abuse. Finally, the last theme that came up during coding was individuality, intersectionality, and multifaceted experiences. Such a theme essentially focuses on autonomy and ableism as well as heterogeneity and disabilities. It also focuses on how the intersectionality between disability and other social statuses such as one’s gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status might make adults with disabilities susceptible to victimization.
Slide 6: The demographics for my three interviews were three females, two of which were middle aged, and one who was older. From these interviews, they all had amazing insight into the disability community from their life experiences, but I included some of their main points on the slide. One topic that was brought up multiple times is how people with disabilities, but more specifically intellectual and developmental disabilities are infantilized by others and seen as childlike, when in reality, they are capable of making their own decisions. This infantilization creates lower societal expectations of people with disabilities instead of recognizing individual strengths. Everybody, including those with disabilities have the right to self-determination which ties in the importance of them being taught how to establish healthy boundaries and understanding that they are not responsible to consistently please people even if it may be an authority figure in their life. One myth that was mentioned in the interviews was the idea sexual violence occurs mostly from strangers and that it also isn’t common in the area of Fairfax. Because of this, better awareness is needed on recognizing the signs of abuse especially for people who work with these vulnerable populations such as people with disabilities.
Slide 7: Thank you so much for watching our presentation. If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to reach out to us.

Summer Team Impact Project

My Summer Research in Laikipia County, Kenya! – Desire Omotoye

Author(s): Oyinkansola Omotoye

Mentor(s): Michael von Fricken, Global and Community Health

During my stay at Mpala Research Center this summer, I had the opportunity to join Dr. Michael von Fricken in his ongoing research on vector borne diseases in Laikipia County, Kenya. Our work involved both field and lab work, where we collected ticks by setting up CO2 (carbon dioxide) traps and tick drags in a number of areas, and then bringing the samples back to the lab to run PCR tests on them using innovative Biomeme technology. I also had the pleasure of shadowing and assisting Mr. Sandy Oduor””a Kenyan Ph.D. student at the University of Nairobi”” and his lab assistant, Ephantus Wambui, in their ongoing endocrinology work which examines the prevalence of glucocorticoid and T3 hormones found in elephant fecal samples. In pursuit of his Ph.D. degree in Conservation Biology, Oduor has been performing both field and lab work since March of 2022. His work investigates how human interference across differing types of land use systems and environments hormonally affect African elephants. He aims to use his findings to demonstrate the long-term effects of human disturbance on African elephant herds.
Oduor’s work has been funded by Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) and Save the Elephants, and San Diego Zoo, and Rafford Small Grant.

[VOICE OVER]

This summer, I was given the opportunity to go to Laikipia County in Kenya to be apart of Dr. Michael von Fricken’s ongoing research project””Life at the Watering Hole: a One Health approach to Disease Surveillance. We stayed at Mpala Research Center, which is around 5 hours from Nairobi. Over the course of this three-week trip, I experienced so many exciting things. I learned about Kenyan culture, and picked up on a little bit of Swahili, met amazing individuals, and ate great food. On days we left the campus grounds, we collected ticks to bring back and run different tests on. On our journeys, we explored the land and came across so many different animals, both alone and in herds.

By the second week, I continued some work with the tick processing, but I began to branch off into some other cool research with a Kenyan Ph.D. student and his lab assistant.

Meet Mr. Sandy Oduor and Mr. Ephantus Wambui. I had the pleasure of working with them for the remainder of my trip. Intrigued by what they were studying, I entered their lab one day and asked if I could shadow them and assist them in their work, and they welcomed me with open arms.
Sandy is studying for his Ph.D. in Conservation Biology at the University of Nairobi. He’s been investigating the effects of human interference across differing types of land use systems and environments on the hormones of African elephants. He is exclusively studying glucocorticoid and T3 hormones because they are indicators of stress and nutrition levels.

[INTERVIEW]

– EPHANTUS: Sandy is trying to look at different land uses and how the different land uses affect the stress levels of elephants

– SANDY: Yes, and what is even more related to Desire’s work””I’ll be looking at how past adversity affects long-term survival”¦ because you have individuals who have been orphaned in the past. So, they have to rely on that human intervention to survive. Because we have to take them.and then release them back into the wild.

– EPHANTUS: For glucocorticoid, he told me that it can be used as a proxy for stress””Indication of stress in elephants. T3 is used because, if you have good nutrition, normally your thyroid hormone levels will be high. It’s the most metabolically active, compared to T4.

– SANDY: The main work of glucocorticoid is in energy mobilization, but it can also be used as a proxy for measuring stress. So glucocorticoid helps us to understand how elephants adjust to different environmental conditions. These environmental conditions can be human-mediated or natural.

[VOICE OVER]

Ephantus Wambui is Sandy’s lab assistant. He majored in Biochemistry in undergrad, and aims to pursue a Master’s degree in Bioinformatics in the near future. Although much of his background is in molecular biology, he values the exposure he gets to the dynamics of endocrinology work.
Aside from lab work, I got the chance to accompany Sandy and Ephantus in their field work before I left Mpala. Since Sandy’s research is a longitudinal study, we tracked down a family of elephants so that we could collect a montly fecal specimen from specific members. We placed the samples in a small plastic bag, labeled them with the time and date, and stored them in a cool box to be taken back to the lab.
All in all, I learned so much during my time in Kenya and I am beyond grateful for the experience I had, the people I met, and the memories I made.
Asante sana, Kenya! (“Thank you, Kenya!” in Swahili)

Summer Team Impact Project

Pathogen Testing in Ticks: A One Health Approach to Disease Surveillance in Turkana, Kenya

Author(s): Grace Lee

Mentor(s): Michael Von Fricken, Department of Environmental and Global Health

Turkana, a county located in the Northwestern part of Kenya, is an arid region with pastoralism as the primary economic activity. These characteristics, coupled with a constant migration of people and livestock across shared watering holes, render Turkana susceptible to tick infestation and tick-borne diseases. Because pastoralists in Turkana are politically and economically marginalized, and their livelihoods depend on the health of their livestock, tick-borne diseases pose a serious economic and public health threat in Turkana. The One Health approach, grounded in the concept that the health of the environment, animals, and humans are all interrelated, is an effective framework for mitigating tick-borne illnesses (Griffith et. al 2020). This study employed the One Health approach in conducting tick-borne disease surveillance in Turkana, Kenya. Over 1200 ticks were collected from livestock and the environment within Turkana county. These ticks were then identified morphologically and grouped by species, host, and region. Genetic material was subsequently extracted from the ticks and analyzed using real-time PCR and cDNA sequencing to identify the pathogens carried by them. Although the data and results of this study are unable to be shared at this time, they will be published in the future. These findings will be valuable for detecting, understanding, and mitigating specific tick-borne diseases that spread among the environment, animals, and people in Turkana, Kenya.

TITLE
Hello! I’m Grace. I’m Margaret. For our STIP project, Margaret and I helped investigate pathogen testing in ticks: a one health approach to disease surveillance in Turkana, Kenya.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Our research is grounded in the concept of one health, the idea that the health of the environment, animal, and human are all interrelated. We specifically focused on vector-borne diseases, which are illnesses spread among humans and animals by living organisms known as vectors. Common examples of vectors include arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas and lice.

TURKANA, KENYA
Our research employs an One Health approach to conducting tick disease surveillance in Turkana, Kenya. Kenya is a country located in Eastern Africa, and Turkana is a county located in the Northwestern part of Kenya, bordering Uganda, South Sudan, and Ethiopia. Turkana is an arid region with pastoralism as the primary economic activity. These characteristics render Turkana susceptible to ticks and tickborne diseases because ticks thrive in arid conditions and prefer livestock as hosts. Moreover, due to the low population density of 14 people per square kilometer, individuals frequently travel long distances with their livestock and congregate at shared watering holes. The livestock carry and shed ticks, which then multiply and latch onto the next group of people and livestock that arrive at the watering hole. Consequently, the constant migration of ticks, livestock, and people across these shared areas facilitates the transmission of tickborne diseases.

TICK DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
To employ the one health approach to conducting tick disease surveillance in Turkana, Kenya, the following four-step process was followed.

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE THROUGH TICKS
Step 1: collect, identify, and group ticks.

STEP ONE: TICK COLLECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
Over 1200 ticks were collected from animals and the environment within Turkana county. These ticks were then identified morphologically and grouped by region, species, as laid out in the left side of the slide, and host animals from which they were collected, as can be seen from the right side of the slide.

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE THROUGH TICKS
Step 2: Extraction of genetic material from ticks

DNA EXTRACTION FROM TICKS
The ticks were then crushed and processed for DNA (genetic material) extraction.

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE THROUGH TICKS
Step 3: identify pathogens. Pathogens are bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease

IDENTIFICATION OF TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS
Real-time PCR, which stands for polymerase chain reaction, was performed to make multiple copies of the specific pieces of DNA to make it easier to detect and identify pathogens. cDNA sequencing was then performed to compare the tick DNA segment of interest with known DNA sequences of the four pathogens listed in this slide, leading to their identification and helping us understand what kind of diseases these ticks spread.

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE THROUGH TICKS
Data and results will be shared in the future. These findings are valuable for detecting and understanding the specific diseases that spread among the environment, animals, and people in Turkana, Kenya.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We’d like to thank all the people who’ve helped us conduct this research:
Summer Team Impact Project (STIP) Program, Office of Scholarship, Creative Activities, and Research (OSCAR) at George Mason University
Dr. Michael Von Fricken, Nora Cleary, Abby Lilak, and Graham Matulis (project mentors)
REDI-NET Team, Mpala Research Center
Biomeme staff

THANK YOU

College of Humanities and Social Science Summer Team Impact Project

Mapping Inequality through Land Ownership and Land Use Change in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia

Author(s): Colin McDonald, Alice Christensen

Mentor(s): Levi Van Sant, School of Integrative Studies

This Summer Team Impact Project was focused on looking at land use and land ownership changes in the Shenandoah Valley in the past few decades. The project had two sides, qualitative and quantitative based research, with this video focusing on the qualitative team’s work and findings. The qualitative team created landowner profiles for the top ten landowners in each county of the Shenandoah Valley, including information such as when they acquired the land, from who, and what they used the land for. Another aspect of land ownership that was examined was the percentage of absentee ownership that was present in each of the counties. The last project we worked on was contextualizing quantitative findings with the historical and human elements of the Shenandoah Valley.

In this video we will quickly summarize the three key projects that the qualitative team worked on this summer and our findings.

Hello I’m Colin I’m one of the research assistants on this project looking at land use and land ownership change in the Shenandoah Valley. Hello my name is Alice Christensen and I am part of the qualitative team for the STIP project mapping inequality through land use in the Shenandoah Valley. The main goal of the qualitative team is to generate information about land ownership to contextualize the quantitative team’s work. This Summer’s research is part of a larger ongoing project so the main goal of the qualitative team this summer was to generate a lot of qualitative information for use later on in the project. One of the reasons that this is important is because land use is changing in the Shenandoah Valley which affects people’s livelihoods and it’s important to understand the human element of land ownership and land use changes. In addition to what Colin said about changes happening in the valley right now it’s also really important that we develop methods for looking at land ownership and use in rural areas because a lot of this research focuses on urban areas and those methods can’t always be applied in the same way to rural areas so this is looking at a new focus that requires new methodology and innovation.

First we research the top 10 landowners in each of the 10 counties in the Shenandoah Valley we searched online for any information we could find about the owners such as how long they had owned the land for who they acquired it from and most importantly what they were using the land for. Using this information we created comprehensive profiles for each owner one difficulty we encountered in this process was the lack of information available for some of the landowners still we were able to find a fair amount of information for most of them which let us see some trends in the top owner land use. Agriculture was heavily represented in the top owners reflecting the historical use of the valley also present among the top 10 landowners were developers or entities holding land for investment conservation organizations Recreation and Hospitality Business Industrial manufacturers and some quarries.

Using the information we had gathered for our top landowner profiles we were able to identify some trends in absentee ownership amongst our top landowners. Absentee ownership is when a landowner does not actively reside on or manage the property they own to compare absentee trends in our top landowners with overall trends in the county. we used a formula to determine whether or not the mailing address listed in County property tax records was an in-county address if the address was out of County the owner was considered an absentee owner. We found that overall most counties were composed of primarily in-county owners with this group owning 66 percent or more of the parcels within each County however one County in our data set Rockbridge had a 64.2 percent majority of its Parcels owned by absentee owners although we can’t say for sure why Rockbridge is so distinct it might be because of this County’s smaller population. For our top landowners we found that in-county owners still held a majority of these Parcels but there was a larger range between in-county owners across counties once again there was one outlier but this time it was Rockingham County since the majority of top landowner Parcels are owned by one owner in this County a resort company based in Charlottesville Virginia in-county ownership in this county is only 35 percent.

The third project we worked on was humanizing and contextualizing quantitative work the quantitative team is able to look at really broad trends across the whole Shenandoah Valley but they often are not able to look into specific data points with a lot of depth. Qualitative methods let us answer a lot more why questions we looked at historical information considered personal and family dynamics visited sites in the valley and listened to the experiences of people living and working in the valley to explain some of the trends identified by the quantitative team. Although we have no specific findings to report at this point in the project contextualizing data and uplifting the voices of the people who live in this region is one of the most important parts of our work what we’ve done this summer is set up a foundation for this research as it moves forward.

College of Engineering and Computing Honors College OSCAR Summer Team Impact Project

Optimizing Sensitivity of Methods for Detecting Analytes Released During Inflammation

Author(s): Joelle Nguyen

Mentor(s): Caroline Hoemann, Bioengineering

During inflammation, there are microparticles that are released from the formation of blood clots. From these microparticles, bioactive lipids such as eicosanoids, which can be further categorized as prostaglandin, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, are released. There are also proteins such as LOX-1, known to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and lung cancer and is expressed by neutrophils in patients with COVID-19. Soluble LOX-1 protein (sLOX-1) was found to become elevated in blood plasma of patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-small cell lung cancer and acute myocardial infarction. The clinical challenge is that these biomarkers are difficult to detect because they are at low concentrations in the bloodstream. The goal of my project is to develop more sensitive methods to detect these biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and progression of diseases.

This project involved creating a lipidomic and proteomic profile of human blood plasma and serum samples. All samples were from de-identified healthy donors under IRB-approved protocols with written informed consent. Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) is the ideal method of creating lipidomic profiles of lipid analytes due to its high specificity and sensitivity. Plasma samples’ lipids contents were extracted using 2:1:1 v/v chloroform/methanol/water or 3:2 v/v hexane/isopropanol. These extraction methods were compared for their sensitivity in detecting certain analytes, and it was found that 3:2 v/v hexane/isopropanol was the better extraction method. Nanotraps, made of various types of nanoparticles, were utilized to bind to sLOX-1 in sample and deplete them for analysis using ELISA, where it was discovered that the majority of sLOX-1 fraction was depleted by the Nanotraps in citrated plasma/serum with recombinant sLox-1 but not much in human blood serum alone. Future sample preparation modifications are needed before LC-MS analyses of Nanotrap-associated sLOX-1.

Hello my name is Joelle Nguyen and this is my project on “Optimizing the Sensitivity of Methods for Detecting Analytes Released During Inflammation.” To start with an introduction on the problem I’m trying to address with my project. The biomarkers involved in inflammation and found in the blood are difficult to detect at low concentrations so it’s necessary to develop assays and lab techniques that have enough sensitivity to detect these biomarkers. These biomarkers can include bioactive lipid mediators such as thromboxanes, prostaglandin, and leukotrienes which form from the oxidation of arachidonic acid, and there are biomarkers categorized as proteins such as the sLox-1 receptor. Specific eicosanoids as seen in this diagram here including thromboxane and HETE species are pro-inflammatory mediators that can play a role in platelet aggregation or inflammatory responses. sLox-1 receptors are elevated in blood plasma of patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-small cell lung cancer and acute myocardial infarction. Detecting these biomarkers can aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases as well as their progression. The hypothesis tested was that methods can be developed to improve the sensitivity of inflammatory biomarker detection by LCMS for lipids and proteins.

So to move on to the methodology of my project, there were two approaches. One was comparing two different extraction methods for the lipid analytes found in blood plasma samples for a lipidomic mass spectrometry analysis, and the other was examining the extent of depletion using nanotraps on the sLox-1 protein receptor in plasma/serum samples for a proteomic mass spectrometry analysis. To go into more detail on the lipidomic experiment, I had compared 2:1:1 v/v chloroform/methanol/water with 3:2 v/v hexane/isopropanol as potential extraction solvents. To compare these methods, I analyzed the peak areas of lipid analytes from duplicate citrated plasma samples and used JMP to provide a descriptive statistical analysis. For the proteomic experiment, there were six dyed nanoparticles used as Nanotraps to deplete sLox-1 in plasma/serum samples and an ELISA test was done to analyze the concentration of depleted sLox-1. The samples were not analyzed with mass spectrometry quite yet but the ELISA results provided future directions for sample preparation and LCMS analysis.

Here are the results for the lipidomic profile made using LCMS. The experiment had two different blood donors, and for this donor here you can see that there is a higher peak area for lipid analytes extracted by hexane on the JMP graph to the left and visually to the right you see that 3:2 v/v hexane/isopropanol has a higher peak area for the specific lipid analytes called 4-HNE-H2O. The same can be said for the second donor in my experiment where again the hexane extracted analytes had a higher peak area both on the JMP plot and the mass spectra graph for 4 HNE-H2O. Now for the mass spectrometry proteomics experiment, there was the ELISA data collected which showed that not a lot of sLox-1 depleted from the nanotraps, only around 20% or less for serum with free sLox-1. The figure to the right shows that citrated blood plasma combined with recombinant sLox-1 protein had a much higher depletion of sLox-1 with 90-100% depleted.

Therefore based on the results of my experiments, the 3:2 v/v hexane/isopropanol is the better solvent to use for extracting lipids from citrated blood plasma samples for a lipidomic profile. For the proteomic experiment, the nanotraps shown in the excel bar graphs showed that they did not interfere with ELISA detection of sLox-1 in control samples. The nanotraps only depleted 0 to 20% of free sLox-1 in serum and depleted 40-100% of recombinant sLox-1 in citrated plasma. The next steps for my project would include doing more experimental trials with both extraction methods to see that 3:2 v/v hexane/isopropanol produces reproducible data. There could also be future modifications to plasma/serum sample preparation to improve sLox-1 binding to the nanotraps.

Thank you for listening and I’d like to acknowledge Dr. Hoemann, Dr. Girgis, Dr. Karen Lee, Dr. Luchini, Rayan Ibrahim Alhammad, and Julia Leonard for their help throughout this project.

College of Engineering and Computing Summer Team Impact Project

Pupil as an Indicator for Neuropathic Pain

Author(s): Justin Matthews, Venkat Kalyan Reddy Yasa

Mentor(s): Nathalia Peixoto, Engineering

While brightness, near fixation, and arousal/mental effort are the main three kinds of stimuli to which human pupil (herein after pupil) may react to, people were on a search for more ways that may affect the pupil size. Previous research suggests that pupil diameter increases when exposed to heat stimuli. While that was based on external stimuli, there are chances that similar pattern may occur with internal stimuli (pain from inside). As far as our knowledge extends, there was no previous research conducted on pupil response from internal pain. This paper presents how pupil size increases 22.4 – 33.1% more than normal pupil size under internal stimuli.

Opening
Hello, for the Summer Team Impact Program, Venkat Kalyan Reddy Yasa and I, Justin Matthews, worked on this project titled Pupil as an Indicator for Neuropathic Pain. It is under the scientific field of pupillometry, but what exactly is pupillometry?

First slide
It is the study of changes in the diameter of the pupil as a function of cognitive processing. To put it in simpler terms, it is the study of how the pupil changes size due to different stimuli. Research in this field began as early as the 1960s with the first researchers being Eckhard H. Hess and James M. Polt. Their first paper, published in 1960, found that the pupil size increases when viewing emotional or interesting visual stimuli. As cheaper and more reliable eye tracking equipment became accessible, pupillometry research has had a renaissance within the last two decades. Now that you know some of the history behind pupillometry, let’s look at some of the past research.

Second slide
Researchers have narrowed down pupil response to three distinct kinds of stimuli. The pupil will tend to change size in response to brightness, near fixation, and increases to arousal and mental effort. For brightness, researchers were looking at how the pupil responds to different amounts of light. For near fixation, researchers were looking at how the pupil responds when fixating on an object at different distances. For arousal/mental effort, researchers were looking at how the pupil responds when focusing on a task. While these are the main three stimuli, there is another one that is currently being looked into and that is pain.

Third Slide
Experiments conducted that were observing the relation between pupil dilation and pain concluded that the pupil diameter increases as a response to pain. The goal of our experiment is to support that idea, with the difference being the way the pain stimulus is inflicted on the participants.

Fourth Slide
We had a very simple set up for this experiment. An external webcam was taped to the top of the desktop and the recording was done with the camera app. Participants sit on a chair and position themselves so that their eye is in frame. A one minute and thirty second video is then recorded of the participant’s eye. The first thirty seconds is them without pain, while the remainder of that video is the participant in pain after eating 1.2 grams of Tabasco hot sauce. After separating the sections of the film and cropping them we got the length of the pupil (in pixels) in each frame. We then calculated the median length of the pupil without pain and counted how many times the pupil length (while in pain) went over and under the median.

Fifth Slide
Here is an example of one of the graphs created. The x-axis is the pixel length and the y-axis is the number of times the pupil was at that length. Looking at the “w/o pain” graph, we can see that the median is roughly here. If we put the same median on the “w/ pain” graph, it is clear to see that the pupil has more instances of dilating over the median. This supports the finding in previous research as the pupil size goes over the normal average size repeatedly in response to pain.

Sixth Slide
Thank you for your time and thanks to Mason and the OSCAR office for this opportunity. If you want to know more about our project you can visit the following website.

College of Engineering and Computing Summer Team Impact Project

Finger Detection Movement Project

Author(s): Justin Matthews

Mentor(s): Luciano de Oliveira Neris, Information Technology

Object detection is a form of machine learning that utilizes computer vision and deep learning techniques. It can be used to identify targeted objects in images and videos with precise accuracy. For detecting hand gestures, the method most commonly used is computer vision. When using computer vision, there are some factors to consider that could impact the results of the experiment. Due to this, a variety of different techniques were developed in order to mitigate the significance those factors have on the data. This paper will present one technique to use when creating a machine to detect hand gestures

Hello, my name is Justin Matthews, and for the Summer Team Impact Program I worked on this project titled Finger Detection Movement.

For some background knowledge, Machine learning is “a field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed”. The origin of machine learning begins with a psychologist named Frank Rosenblatt from Cornell University. He based the design of the machine on the human nervous system. The machine was named “perceptron” and its purpose was to recognize the letters of the alphabet. A task that falls under machine learning is called object detection. Object detection is a form of machine learning that utilizes computer vision and deep learning techniques. It can be used to identify targeted objects in images and videos with precise accuracy. For my project, I created a machine to detect hand gestures during a real time video streamed from a webcam.

Materials that I used for this project include: Visual Studio Code, Anaconda Prompt, Tensorflow, Python, and OpenCV. Visual Studio Code was used to edit my code. Anaconda Prompt was used to run my code. Tensorflow in combination with Keras, was used to save and load the data of the model that was created and trained. Python was used to code the project. Lastly, OpenCV was used to access my laptop’s webcam and display real time video coming from it.

The next portion of this video will be a demonstration on how my program works. What you are seeing now is Anaconda Prompt. This is the normal set up I do before starting to code, test, etc. What I am doing is going into the proper directory and checking to make sure I am on the right path. You can see that I have a folder named dataset and when I enter and display the contents, notice how it is empty. That is because we have to populate that folder which is what my “builDataset” script does. I have to type python *script name* *name I want the image folder to be* *# of images*. Unfortunately I am unable to record the window that appears but as you can see by the next line, 300 images are saved. Once I open my dataset folder you can see that a new folder title Zero appears and in it are all the photos that were taken. I repeat this process for the rest of the numbers (1-5). Once all of that is done it is now time to build and train the model. I simply run the command that you see there and a bunch of text that you can ignore appears. You can see that a loading bar will appear and next to it loss and accuracy. Accuracy is pretty self explanatory and that just means how accurate your model is at guessing the finger position and loss is how much data was lost during that training period. In total there are 10 total training periods each taking roughly 40 seconds each. But with the power of movie magic we can cut all of that. Once the training is complete a graph of the accuracy and lost will be displayed (but my recording software couldn’t record that). Now we can test to see if the model is accurate. First I’ll be testing if it can detect the number three which is does successfully. Let’s try it again but with a different photo. Again success. Now let’s see if it can detect zero. Success once again

These are the graphs that display after the training is complete. On the left is the accuracy graph and on the right is the loss graph. As the accuracy of the model increases, the data loss during training decreases. This means that accuracy and loss have an inverse relationship with one another.

This next screenshot is the window that appears after running the buildDataset script. The way it works is simple as you hold up your hand so that it is within the parameter of the rectangle. You then press the ‘a’ key to start taking screenshots. To pause the screenshot process you just hit the ‘a’ key again. To exit the window early, just press the ‘q’ button. Once the specified number of screenshots are taken, the window will automatically close.

Thank you for your time and thanks to Mason and the OSCAR office for this opportunity. If you want to know more about my project you can visit the following websites: https://detect.onmason.com/